Which process involves the use of an electric current to decompose reactants?

Electrolysis is the process that utilizes an electric current to drive a chemical reaction, specifically the decomposition of reactants into their constituent elements or simpler substances. This occurs in an electrolytic cell, where a direct current is passed through a liquid or solution that conducts electricity (an electrolyte). During electrolysis, ions present in the electrolyte migrate toward electrodes of opposite charge, leading to the breakdown of compounds.

In contrast, combustion refers to a chemical reaction that typically involves the rapid reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, producing heat and light, and does not require an electric current for initiation. Endothermic and exothermic reactions are defined by their energy transfer during the reaction but do not specifically involve the use of electric current for decomposition. An endothermic reaction absorbs energy, while an exothermic reaction releases energy, but both types of reactions can occur without direct electrical input.