Which elements are referred to as transuranium elements?

Transuranium elements are those that have atomic numbers greater than 92, which corresponds to uranium in the periodic table. These elements are significant because they are all synthetic or occurred naturally in very small amounts due to their radioactivity and instability. Since uranium is at the threshold of stability for naturally occurring elements, all elements with higher atomic numbers do not exist in nature in stable forms and are instead produced artificially in laboratories through nuclear reactions. This defines the category of transuranium elements as distinct from other elements on the periodic table.

The other choices do not accurately represent transuranium elements. Elements with atomic numbers 1-92 include all naturally occurring elements and many that are stable, while the specification of gaseous or liquid states at room temperature is not relevant to the classification of these elements. Therefore, the definition that covers elements with atomic numbers larger than 92 is the correct characterization of transuranium elements.