What term describes a substance that increases the potential for a reaction by providing more energy?

The term that describes a substance which increases the potential for a reaction by providing more energy is correctly identified as a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. This enables the reaction to occur more readily and at a faster rate without being consumed in the process. Catalysts play a crucial role in many chemical processes, including industrial manufacturing and biological reactions, making them essential in enhancing reaction efficiencies.

In this context, while inhibitors act to slow down or prevent reactions, and activators might refer to substances that promote reactions but not in the same specific energy-providing way as catalysts, it's important to recognize that reactants are the original substances involved in the reaction itself. They are transformed during the reaction rather than influencing the energy requirements for the reaction to occur. Hence, the role of a catalyst is distinct and pivotal in increasing the potential for reactions through energy facilitation.