What are the elements in group 2 known as, which each have two valence electrons?

The elements in group 2 of the periodic table are known as alkaline-earth metals. This group includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Each of these elements has two valence electrons, which they tend to lose when they form chemical bonds. This characteristic distinguishes them from other groups; for example, alkali metals (group 1) have one valence electron and readily lose it to form positive ions, whereas alkaline-earth metals have a slightly higher ionization energy due to their additional valence electron.

The alkaline-earth metals exhibit typical metallic properties such as conductivity and malleability, and they react with halogens to form ionic compounds. Their reactivity is moderate; while they can react with water, the reaction is less vigorous compared to alkali metals. This understanding of their properties and behavior in chemical reactions helps identify and categorize them accordingly.