A solution that is formed by a liquid dissolved into a solid is known as what?

The correct answer is that a solution formed by a liquid dissolved into a solid is known as an amalgam. Amalgams are specifically defined as mixtures where mercury is used as the solvent to dissolve metals, typically in dental contexts. This process creates a solid solution that retains the properties of both the original solid and the mercury, making it useful in various applications, particularly in dentistry.

In contrast, a solvent refers to a substance, usually in greater quantity, that dissolves a solute to form a solution, but it does not specify that a solid is being dissolved in a liquid. An alloy typically refers to a solid solution of different metals combined, while an emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids. Each of these terms applies to different contexts, illustrating the unique aspects of solutions, amalgams, alloys, and emulsions in chemistry.